Chapter 1: The first steps. The story we tell you takes us to the north of Marseille in the middle of the years 80 where we find Christine Breton, curator of the heritage freshly assigned to this sector. To her surprise, she found no monuments, sites or cultural aspects classified or listed in the National heritage. Difficult to conceive for this curator, she chooses to lace her shoes and to survey the northern districts of Marseille in search of heritage elements. The northern districts of Marseille are located on the waterfront without having access to them. The immense industrial port of Marseille stands as a wall and prevents anyone from reaching the sea by land. For almost 200 years this area of Marseille has been dedicated to trade. As a result, many economic activities have taken place there, and that says economic activities said workers and says workers called populations of inhabitants. Diverse populations that have succeeded, piled up and blended according to history. But back to our curator of heritage: by classifying and listing the heritage of this sector, she found herself faced with new problems for her. She spotted some heritage that nobody wanted to talk about, which people were ashamed of. It also discovered heritage that different populations interpreted differently. Issues that have questioned her about her work and the very notion of what is heritage for a people, for a community. It was at this point in history that she turned to the Council of Europe to find help. Chapter 2: A common framework. The second chapter of this story makes us change our scale and time. We find ourselves in the post-war period, in a partially ruined Europe. The war has made colossal damage, so that the women and men still present feel the need to unite around humanistic principles. We are at the beginning of the European Community. In 1949, the Council of Europe was established. This Council is an intergovernmental organisation which now brings together 47 countries, which is more than the 28 member states of the Union. To them all they represent more than 800 million citizens in this independent grouping of the European Union. The Council of Europe is the main organisation for the defence of human rights, democracy and the rule of law. It is committed to defending these rights and providing a common framework to facilitate their application. For example, the Council of Europe intervened at the time of the breakup of Yugoslavia. At that time, the various communities disputed the ownership of sites, monuments or cultural aspects; Each claiming it as part of its heritage. The Council of Europe has made it possible to bring together representatives of these communities around the same table and thus to have allowed the dialogue between these peoples. At these meetings, everyone was able to measure the legitimacy of the other to claim a link with this heritage aspect. At these meetings, everyone was able to realize that through this heritage aspect, they all had a piece of common history and that they were not so opposed to each other. From this work, some tensions have managed to be appeased. These heritage aspects have been preserved, valued and passed on to future generations. They could also be used as a resource for the economic and social development of the regions concerned. All this work of the Council of Europe on issues of heritage and cultural aspects culminated in the drafting of the Faro Convention in 2005. This Convention is premised on the idea that the knowledge and practice of heritage falls within the citizen's right to participate in cultural life as defined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This text presents cultural heritage as a resource that serves both human development, the valorisation of cultural diversities and the promotion of intercultural dialogue, as well as a model of economic development according to the principles Sustainable use of resources. The Faro Convention is the first of two pillars of this history that aims to enforce the principles as widely as possible. Chapter 3: And the forest pushed. The third chapter of this book makes us return to the north of Marseille in a more contemporary era. By walking shoes to the feet of these quarters, the curator of Heritage Christine Breton has emulated them. Several formal or informal collectives have been structured and have taken over the Faro Convention as a tool for economic development and the strengthening of democracy in their territory. In 2009, the district mayor adopted the principles of the Faro Convention for the northern districts of the city and brought these people together in a heritage Commission. In 2010, a large proportion of these collectives grouped together into a cooperative of economically-active inhabitants called Hotel du Nord. The purpose of this co-operative is to offer hospitality or non-market offers. These offers are available in four brands. "Hosted by": Accommodation in a guest room or in a bed and breakfast. "Discovered with": walks built collectively by the inhabitants, by the economic, institutional and associative actors of the territory to discover their visions and their practices. "Produced by": Workshop visits of artisans, artists or industrial factory (such as traditional Marseille soaps) and the valorisation of these local productions by their resale to passengers in accommodation. "Written by": Works of historians or works that bring together cultural contents, collections of inhabitants and archives brought to light by the work of collecting and researching the actors of this territory, particularly during the creation of the walks. Hotel du Nord offers these offers of hospitality to all the passengers of the territory. This is an important point in this story because a territory is not confined to the mere passage of tourists; Many people come for other reasons: accompaniment of an inpatient, professional displacement or participation of researchers in a seminar. They can also come for their studies, to prepare for their future installation in this new city and for many other reasons. For this reason, the North Hotel worked among other things with hospitals, companies and universities to build offers of hospitality adapted to these passengers. To the extent that the co-operative receives only 40% of these passengers for tourist reasons, the remaining 60% have other visiting grounds. They meet the real needs of the territory in terms of hospitality. Northern Hotel has managed its bet to bring people to the northern districts of Marseille when many promised them failure. Since their creation they have welcomed more than 10 000 passengers in stays and walks. They generate 120 000 € of direct annual economic spin-offs on the northern districts. They have managed to build forms of organization that allow collective work to develop the activity of each. They have managed to develop "social" projects that build on this economic activity by, for example, participating in the projects of young people from these sensitive neighbourhoods who have been trained in the profession of accompanying guide by professionals of Departmental Hiking committee. Chapter 4: the plot. The story is beautiful but life is never without a bad surprise and Chapter 4 comes to Project a shadow on this narrative bringing her intrigue. Since 2012, the tourism and commercial accommodation industry has been operating a major turning-point begun a few years earlier. The platforms of the privately owned collaborative economy follow the online booking sites and disrupt user practices. They provide a high-performance technical solution but concentrate most of the reservations on a few market places and exacerbate the competition between the players in the same territory. Hotel members of the North who sell their offers via these channels are obliged to transfer 15-20% of their selling price to the sites that bring them this marketing service instead of giving them back to the Co-op and allowing Hotel du Nord to contribute To the development and animation of their territory. In search of the solution, the Northern Hotel turned outward and looked for partners with whom to associate in order to give another scale to their project. Because the Marseille scale was not enough to generate enough flow on their reservation site and thus sufficient economic benefits to the cooperative to develop more activities. It was at this point in history that the Ekitour Association entered the dance. This association based in Poitiers has a tour operator activity in the social and solidarity tourism. The meeting of these two bodies was made at a general meeting of the Minga Association which itself is a federation of professional actors and citizens engaged in the production of a local and high quality economy Like International. Well aware of developments in the field of tourism, Ekitour has welcomed this initiative with great interest. It is the same for Minga who sees his members artisans, independents and citizens suffer in the face of the striking force of these large market places and which remove the adherents from the ownership of their work tool. The questions of the rule of law, the protection of the working tool and access to holidays, leisure and culture for all were at the centre of the debate. To achieve this, these three structures have decided to create a Euro-Mediterranean platform for accessing hospitality offers defending the general interest and common goods. Ekitour, northern Hotel and Minga have therefore chosen to cooperate to create this platform and this is the second pillar of this story: The Co-operative framework. What is the good of creating a more platform in the market? We need to create a different one, not against, or alternative, just a new form of digital platform. Motivated by other motives and with other objectives than those that exist. These actors want to create a technical tool that will be owned by a cooperative. In the latter the producers of hospitality offers as well as their users, legal persons or public institutions may be members. If they wish, they will become the owners of their work tool, of the market place that markets them and thus participate in the cooperative, therefore democratic, principles of its governance. Chapter 5: Hope. With these two pillars, Ekitour, northern Hotel and Minga took their pilgrims ' sticks and presented this ambitious project to communities of economic, citizen and institutional actors who produce or frame hospitality offers. Everywhere they met a real interest and everywhere they found people who came to enrich this reflection which is now no longer theirs but that of a grouping of actors of society. Several times of collective exchange were organised during which a wide variety of actors was invited, in order to be close to reality and to integrate the peculiarities, the needs of each one. After this year of work and rich exchanges, the Coopérative H2H was born in January 2016. This co-op has a plan of action that is the result of meetings and meetings carried out during the previous year. This action plan will be carried out with the participation of 9 communities of producers of Volunteer hospitality offers:
- First of all the structures at the origin of the project; Ekitour, northern Hotel and Minga. Their employees, members, members and administrators are willing to contribute to the implementation of this action plan.
- But also the office of GR2013 Guides
- Ethic stages, a network of 43 group accommodation in France
- The network of hostels in Charente-Maritime
- The network of the collective accommodations of Deux-Sèvres
- The cooperative Point Carré, third co-operative place in Saint-Denis
- The Artisans network artifact at Plaine-commune
- The virtual assembly and the ecosystem of actors in the digital sector with whom they work to build protocols to decentralise the organization of the Internet.
- Free it, a cooperative of the digital trades specialized in the development of open source solution.
- Other communities are interested and wish to participate also in this project, the modalities of their participations are under construction.
Chapter 6: Collective intelligence. After spending more than a year gathering actors and collectively building an action plan, Chapter 6 introduces you to how these communities envisage an efficient articulation of their respective competencies. The action plan is divided into two major parties in parallel. A work in-house, with the founding members of the Co-operative and support from contacts, which will aim to write the business creation dossier divided into 6 workshops:
- Define the Business model.
- Build media policy.
- Write the specifications of the future platform.
- Work the creation of an identity and a brand that will allow to federate around this project.
- Define the cooperative's governance modalities that will allow a fair distribution of powers. and realize the financing plan for investment in the tool and in human resources.
- Conduct the construction of the standards and legislative aspects to be respected in the course of the activities to be carried out.
Then an external work will be centered around 4 prototypes and 10 workshops for which the associated communities will be stakeholders: the first prototype is that of the North Hotel, this is the site they created in 2010 and which continues to evolve by process Iterative. They will work on integrating cultural data into the site. The objective is to be able to classify and archive all the cultural and heritage content that the producers of hospitality offers generate. Thus these contents will be accessible to all in free format of law, thus contributing to strengthen the common assets. The second prototype is that of Pilsen, a city in the Czech Republic located 1h from Prague. This territory has created an application combining hospitality offers according to the principles of the Faro Convention. For the user to easily access the content they want, they have developed an entry by type of passenger. But contrary to what is usually done on the internet where it is the sites that show you content according to the profile they have established of you, there is the user who chooses which profile he wants to have; Thus allowing to break out of its privileged profile and to discover other content that would not have been proposed, thus promoting the cultural openness, the discovery of the other and limiting the communitarianism. The third prototype will develop in the geographical area of the former Poitou-Charentes region. The first objective is to work on the integration of collective accommodations, a feature for which the Northern Hotel prototype is not yet adapted. The second objective will be to find the appropriate organisation for producers of Hospitality offers in a territory composed of rural and medium-sized cities. Because the mechanisms developed in the territory of Marseille will not necessarily be transposable in Poitou-Charentes, the realities of the actors are not the same. These three prototypes will be worked up to a deadline to which a return of the works will be carried out. This restitution will help to synthesize the technical and organisational advances of each of the prototypes and to launch the construction of a first platform on a national scale. In parallel with this construction the local prototypes will continue their work in order to never stop the company iterative process. In addition to local syntheses, the first national version will have to integrate artisans ' offers, be compatible with existing ESS market places, allow interoperability between existing sites and the H2H National platform (each Remains owner of its data and decides which ones to share), propose a insurance offer to cover producers and users, integrate an "internal currency" allowing to value donations and volunteerism, and finally project itself towards International and in the first place on all the territories of the Euro-Mediterranean basin having taken over the Faro convention. These workshops will be carried out thanks to the participation of the hospitality communities and the partners. Without them no one would really know what features to develop simply because no one is omniscient. The approach is to systematically involve the stakeholders as a partner, proposing to everyone to find an interest that would enable him to develop his activity. As well as technical or financial partnerships, whether independent or large companies, it is systematically proposed an association on one of the workshops that will bring something to the partner. Work together to develop the activity of each. The writing of this story is not over. The ink remains open and everyone is free to come and dip their own pen in order to express their ideas, but the editor has a duty to write in the name of the general interest and common property. For this is the meaning of this story: to work together to strengthen the general interest and thus try to improve the lives of all in our societies. to your feathers! Clément Sarkar, Ekitour social tourism agency and co-manager of the H2H Cooperative. Written text on the occasion of the orientation debate in the ordinary General Assembly of the Ekitour Association, February 2016.